Diplomacy is often described as an art, involving decisions shaped by sensitive political nuances that require human judgment, cultural understanding, and emotional intelligence — qualities that AI cannot fully replicate. While AI can support decision-making, it may also manipulate human behavior subtly, especially through systems developed in countries with different geopolitical priorities. This deepens the AI divide between technologically advanced and resource-limited nations, embedding linguistic and cultural biases and reinforcing global power asymmetries. As algorithms take their place alongside diplomats, the art of negotiation now meets the science of AI. The future of diplomacy must lie in fostering a symbiotic relationship where AI enhances human expertise, streamlines processes, and offers new strategic tools while leaving the nuanced art of diplomacy in human hands.
Diplomatic institutions adopting such technologies should also adopt guardrails to clarify how these systems inform decision-making. To ensure that AI systems function appropriately across diverse cultural contexts, adaptive and responsible AI frameworks should be integrated into policy discussions at the national and international levels. Crucially, any AI deployment must prioritise human agency. The goal must not be to automate diplomacy, but to augment it. AI’s incorporation into diplomacy offers both promise and peril. While the technology supports efficiency and expands access to information, it must be governed by strong ethical frameworks, particularly when it can shape global power relations through sensitive negotiations. Rather than embracing AI as a magic wand, it must be approached as a double-edged sword that is capable of assisting, but never replacing the unique human skills that diplomacy demands.
Anusha Guru. The Future of Diplomacy: AI’s Expanding Role in International Affairs. In: Observer Research Foundation, 18/6/2025. Internet: <www.orfonline.org> (adapted).
Judge the following items based on the ideas presented in the preceding text, as well as on its linguistic aspects.
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The author argues that the ethical governance of AI’s application in diplomacy is especially critical because its influence may extend beyond technical efficiency to altering the global distribution of political power.
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In the fragment “adaptive and responsible AI frameworks,” (second sentence of the second paragraph), the words “adaptive” and “responsible” modify the expression “AI”.
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According to the text, the use of AI in diplomacy reduces the risk of reinforcing global inequalities.
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The text suggests that, although AI can assist diplomats, it cannot fully replace the human qualities required in diplomacy.
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In the fragment “Diplomatic institutions adopting such technologies” (first sentence of the second paragraph), “adopting” describes an ongoing action that started in the past and continues in the present, since it is in the present perfect continuous.